Glires is a clade combining the Rodentia (rodents) and Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, and pikas) orders. These mammals are primarily characterized by their continuously growing incisors, which they must constantly wear down by gnawing. They evolved around 60 million years ago, diversifying into a wide array of niches across the globe. Rodents, ranging from tiny mice to capybaras, inhabit forests, deserts, and even urban areas, while lagomorphs are more specialized, favoring grasslands and tundra. Their widespread presence and adaptable nature have made them one of the most successful mammalian groups, playing crucial roles in various ecosystems as prey, seed dispersers, and ecosystem engineers.
Glires are known for their strong, ever-growing front teeth (incisors) which they use to gnaw. Their bodies are adapted to their environments, ranging from compact, burrowing forms like moles, to agile hoppers like rabbits. They generally have a robust skeletal structure to support such diverse movement. Many have sensitive whiskers and acute hearing, aiding in their awareness of predators or prey. Their vocalizations vary widely, from the subtle communication of mice to the alarming thumps of a rabbit's foot. Their keen sense of smell is vital for finding food and detecting danger, making them well-equipped for survival.
Humans have a multifaceted relationship with Glires, the group comprising rodents and lagomorphs. Historically, many species like rabbits and guinea pigs have been domesticated for companionship and food. In agriculture, rodents are often considered pests, leading to extensive control measures. Pop culture frequently portrays these animals endearingly; think of Mickey Mouse or Bugs Bunny.
Conservation efforts vary: while some species are abundant, others like certain hamsters or pikas face habitat loss and are the focus of preservation initiatives. Education and research are key, promoting coexistence and understanding of these ubiquitous and ecologically significant creatures.
It is believed that Lagomorphs and rodents diverged about 64.5 million years ago. Lagomorphs and rodents diverged at the start of the Tertiary time period and at the end of the Cretaceous time period. Their divergence happened as a response reaction to global environmental change.
It is believed that rabbits and rodents have a common ancestor which is why they share similar characteristics and physical traits. Some of those similar traits have been lost in some lineages while they have been retained within others. Although they do share a common ancestor it is not known who the common ancestor was.
The rabbit is not a rodent and is not part of the Rodentia group of mammals, although they are often confused. Rabbits are differentiated from rodents by their extra pair of incisors directly located one behind the other as well as other skeletal features. Rabbits and hares are part of the group Lagomorpha.