Squamates, belonging to the order Squamata, are a diverse group of reptiles that include snakes, lizards, and amphisbaenians (worm lizards). With over 10,000 species, they are the largest order of reptiles, characterized by their scaled skin, movable quadrate bones, which enable them to open their jaws wide, and a unique joint in the skull allowing for increased flexibility. Squamates inhabit a variety of ecosystems across the globe, from rainforests to deserts. They evolved over 200 million years ago in the Mesozoic era, diversifying into myriad forms and sizes. Their ability to shed their skin and some possessing venom, highlight their evolutionary adaptations.

Squamates, encompassing lizards and snakes, boast a unique anatomy adapted for survival. Their bodies are covered in overlapping scales made of keratin, providing protection and aiding in moisture retention. Most squamates are quadrupedal, with lizards using four limbs for agile movement, while snakes are limbless, propelling themselves with muscular undulations. They lack vocal cords for speech but communicate through hisses, body language, and pheromones. Squamates possess keen senses; many lizards have sharp vision, and snakes use forked tongues to taste-smell the environment via the Jacobson's organ. These features, along with the ability to shed their skin, exemplify their biological adaptability.

The relationship between humans and squamates, which include snakes and lizards, is varied. Historically, many cultures have revered these creatures, incorporating them into mythology and symbolism. In modern times, some squamates have become popular pets, admired for their unique characteristics. Conversely, others, particularly snakes, are often feared due to misconceptions and their portrayal as villains in pop culture, like in the "Harry Potter" series.

Conservation efforts for squamates are crucial, as habitat loss and climate change pose significant threats. Organizations worldwide work to protect their diverse species, emphasizing the ecological roles they play in controlling pests and maintaining balance.