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Elevators, or lifts, are vertical transportation systems used in buildings to move people and goods between different floors. Their layouts vary based on building type and usage. In residential buildings, elevators are typically smaller, designed for a few people.Elevator layouts have evolved signif
Eight Lift Elevator Banks are high capacity layouts used in buildings with large occupancy loads. Based on the project, occupancy, and wait times, Eight Lift Elevator Banks should be used for offices with floor areas around 360,000 ft2 (33,445 m2), hotels with 600 rooms, and housing of 720 units. Combining two rows of lifts around a central waiting area with a clearance width of 12’ (3.7 m), or 2x car depth, Eight Lift Elevator Banks have typical widths of 36’ (10.9 m) and depths of 28’ (8.5 m). Eight Lift Elevator Banks have overall areas around 992 ft2 (92 m2).
Four Lift Elevator Banks are medium capacity layouts used in buildings with medium average occupancy loads. Four Lift Elevator Banks should be used for offices with floor areas around 180,000 ft2 (16,723 m2), hotels with 300 rooms, and housing projects with 360 units. Combining one row of lifts and an adjacent waiting area with a clearance width of 10’ (3 m), or 1.5x car depth, Four Lift Elevator Banks have typical widths of 36’ (10.9 m) and depths of 18’6” (5.6 m). Four Lift Elevator Banks have overall areas around 658 ft2 (61 m2).
Six Lift Elevator Banks are medium to high capacity layouts used in buildings with large occupancy loads. Based on a range of project specific conditions, Six Lift Elevator Banks should be used for offices with floor areas around 270,000 ft2 (25,084 m2), hotels with 450 rooms, or 540 housing units. Combining two rows of lifts around a central waiting area with a clearance width of 10’6” (3.2 m), or 1.75x car depth, Six Lift Elevator Banks have typical widths of 27’ (8.2 m) and depths of 27’ (8.2 m). Six Lift Elevator Banks have overall areas around 704 ft2 (65 m2).
Single car elevators are common lifts used in small to medium sized commercial applications. Best used for smaller structures, a single car elevator system can come in a variety of car sizes to meet desired loads in buildings without high peak daily traffic or volume demands.
Three Lift Elevator Banks are low to medium capacity layouts used in buildings with low to medium average occupancy loads. Three Lift Elevator Banks should be used for offices with floor areas around 135,000 ft2 (12,542 m2), hotels with 225 rooms, and housing projects with 270 units. Combining a single row of lifts and an adjacent waiting area with a clearance width of 10’ (3 m), or 1.5x car depth, Three Lift Elevator Banks have typical widths of 27’ (8.2 m) and depths of 18’6” (5.6 m). Three Lift Elevator Banks have overall areas around 494 ft2 (46 m2).
Two Lift Elevator Banks are low capacity layouts used in buildings with limited occupancy loads and demands. Two Lift Elevator Banks should be used for offices with floor areas around 90,000 ft2 (8,361 m2), hotels with 150 rooms, and housing projects with 180 units. Combining a single row of lifts and an adjacent waiting area with a clearance width of 10’ (3 m), or 1.5x car depth, Two Lift Elevator Banks have typical widths of 18’ (5.5 m) and depths of 18’6” (5.6 m). Two Lift Elevator Banks have overall areas around 333 ft2 (31 m2).
Hydraulic Elevators are lift systems that use a hydraulic piston to raise and lower the elevator car. Hydraulic Elevators are typically used for low and mid-rise buildings and have a hydraulic piston below the elevator pit. The hydraulic piston sheave and cylinder is located below the elevator pit and must be at least the overall rise plus 4’-7’ (1.2-2.1 m). Hydraulic Elevators have a low initial cost but are limited by a slow travel speed of 200’ (61 m) per minute and a limited distance of approximately 60’ (18.3 m). Hydraulic Elevators have an elevator pit depth of 4’-6’ (1.2-1.8 m) and require an additional machine room at the ground floor adjacent to the elevator shaft.
Elevators, or lifts, are vertical transportation devices that move people and goods to various levels and floors of a structure. Designed with a cab that is either pushed or pulled vertically through space via a combination of machines and hoists, Elevators use either Traction or Hydraulic systems.
Traction Elevators are lift systems that use an electric hoisting machine and hoisting cables to raise and lower the elevator car vertically along guide rails. Traction Elevators are a common system for many mid-rise and high-rise structures and require a penthouse machine room and counterweight. Geared Traction Elevators are slower at 500’ (152 m) per minute and can travel a maximum of 250’ (76 m). Gear-less Traction Elevators have faster speeds of up to 2,000’ (610 m) per minute and can travel up to 2,000’ (610 m). Penthouse machine rooms for Traction Elevators have heights between 10’-12’ (3-3.7 m). The elevator pit depth for a Traction Elevator is in the range of 5’-12’ (1.5-3.7 m) depending on the application.
Machine-Room-Less (MRL) Elevators are modern traction lift systems that uses an electric hoisting machine located within the top of the elevator shaft to hoist the elevator car. Machine-Room-Less (MRL) Elevators travel at a speed of 500’ (152 m) per minute with a maximum distance of up to 250’ (76 m). A control room is required at the highest elevator landing and must be adjacent to the elevator shaft and within 150’ (46 m) of the machine.
Escalators are continuously circulating motorized stairways that move people between floors of a building. Often used in conjunction with elevators, escalators provide a convenient, efficient, and comfortable means of travel for people needing to ascend or descend through limited sets of levels.
Intimate spaces are used for physical or emotional confidential communications such as telling someone a secret, hugging, holding hands, or standing side-by-side. There is a physical distance of 0-2 feet between the individuals, and this space is usually reserved for lovers and close family. Intimate space is perceived as having either a close intimate zone or a comfortable intimate zone. A spacing of 0”-6” (0-15.2 cm ) between people is a close intimacy, while a spacing of 6”-18” (15.2-45.7 cm) is a typical zone of intimacy.
Climbing stairs is a way to change elevations quickly. Climbing stairs is done at a steeper angle than can be accomplished by a ramp. Climbing stairs can be done outside, inside, or in a dedicated stairwell. Climbing stairs may be required in some older buildings that do not have elevators.
Single Discontinuous Escalators are stacked escalators that connect levels in a single direction. This strategy works best when space is limited, but the one-way traffic is not efficient for people who want to travel quickly between levels. Discontinuous Escalators (Single) have a combined height of 29.5’ (9 m), length of 41’ (12.5 m), and common width between 4’-5’4” (1.22-1.63 m). Dimensions will vary based on the desired length and height.
Paired Continuous Escalator systems combine two sets of single continuous escalator systems side-by-side. Though inefficient in space planning, this system creates a consolidated and functional destination within a floorpan that allows direct access to multiple floors. Continuous Escalators (Paired) have a combined height of 29.5’ (9 m), length of 41’ (12.5 m), and common width between 16’-21’6” (4.88-6.55 m). Dimensions will vary based on the desired length and height.
Paired escalators increase the capacity and efficiency of moving people through a building by allowing for greater flexibility, reducing congestion and increasing the flow of people. Pairing an up and a down escalator side by side is particularly useful in areas where there is high foot traffic. Escalator (Paired) have a combined height of 14.75’ (4.5 m), length of 41’ (12.5 m), and common width between 8’-10’8” (2.44-3.28 m). Dimensions will vary based on the desired length and height.
Light-gauge steel floor openings integrate the strength and versatility of light-gauge steel joists to create cavities within floor systems for various purposes, such as stairwells, HVAC ducts, or elevators. This technique is particularly beneficial in multi-story buildings. Light-Gauge Steel Floor Openings are constructed with a range of opening sizes with widths of 26”-90” (.66-2.29 m), and opening lengths between 2’-12’ (.61-3.66 m). Light-Gauge Steel Floor Openings have floor depths between 4”-14” (10.2-35.6 cm) and joist widths of 1.5”-2.5” (3.8-6.4 cm).
Paired Discontinuous Escalators are stacked parallel escalators that connect levels in both directions. Like single discontinuous escalators but with an adjacent escalator traveling in the opposite direction, this strategy is not efficient for people looking to travel quickly between levels. Discontinuous Escalators (Paired) have a combined height of 29.5’ (9 m), length of 41’ (12.5 m), and common width between 8’-10’8” (2.44-3.28 m). Dimensions will vary based on the desired length and height.
Crossing Escalator arrangements provide the most efficient and continuous movement of people by separating each direction of travel into an individual uninterrupted path. Crisscrossing escalators should be considered when space planning and productivity are critical design objectives. Continuous Escalators (Crossing) have a combined height of 29.5’ (9 m), length of 41’ (12.5 m), and common width between 8’-10’8” (2.44-3.28 m). Dimensions will vary based on the desired length and height.
Escalators are a form of vertical building transportation designed as a staircase that moves with the assistance of a motor-driven mechanism. Escalators are used to connect floors with an angle of rise between 30°-35°. The escalator must also provide space for a lower zone of mechanical equipment. For the safety of users, escalators must incorporate 3’ (.91 m) handrails and preserve a minimum vertical headroom clearance of 7’6” (2.29 m). Adequate space should be provided at each loading or discharge platform of an escalator for easy queuing and waiting at peak hours—typically 7’6” (2.29 m) at the bottom and 8’ (2.44 m) at the top. An Escalator (Single) has a typical height of 14.75’ (4.5 m), length of 41’ (12.5 m), and common width between 4’-5’4” (1.22-1.63 m). Dimensions will vary based on the desired length and height.
Climbing stairs is a way to change elevations quickly. Climbing stairs is done at a steeper angle than can be accomplished by a ramp. Climbing stairs can be done outside, inside, or in a dedicated stairwell. Climbing stairs may be required in some older buildings that do not have elevators.
Subway platforms serve as transition points in the underground transportation system, facilitating passenger movement between trains and surface-level streets. Designed for safety, they often feature tactile paving, lighting, safety barriers, and clear demarcations for standing zones. Subway Platforms are constructed with typical platform widths between 8'2"-9'10” (2.5-3 m), a platform height of 36” (91.5 cm), and total platform lengths of 492’-590’ (150-180 m).
The Matera Tall Dresser is a dresser that provides ample storage while lending an airy feel by being elevated from the floor. It was designed by Sean Yoo in 2007 who was inspired by the Noguchi Museum’s approach in applying sculptural qualities to common household objects. The Matera Tall Dresser has an overall height of 45.5” (116 cm), width of 33.5” (85 cm), and depth of 19” (48 cm).
Circulation refers to the flow of people through the spaces of a building. Understood as involving building elements such as stairs, elevators, escalators and corridors, circulation is one of the most critical components to consider when designing the operation and interaction of a building.
Basketball backboards are flat elevated vertical boards with mounted baskets, or rims. Regulation basketball backboards have a width of 72” (183 cm) and a height of 42” (107 cm) with an inner rectangle that is 24” (61 cm) wide and 18” (45.7 cm) tall. All rims are hung 10’ (3.05 m) above the court.
The Fowler’s position is a semi-upright medical position where the patient sits with their upper body raised at an angle between 45°-60° in relation to the lower body. The Fowler’s position is most often used to promote respiration and oxygenation through the expansion of the chest.
The High Fowler’s position is an upright medical position where the patient sits elevated with head and upper body raised at an angle between 60°-90° in relation to the lower body. The High Fowler’s position is used for feeding, improved breathing, x-rays, grooming, and other upright circumstances.
The Snowhill Settee features velvet upholstery and rubberwood, splayed legs. Designed by Corrigan Studio, the classic silhouette of the Snowhill Settee is elevated via its seashell backrest. The ultimate result is a functional and elegant piece of furniture with details of mid-century modern design. The Snowhill Settee has an overall height of 28” (71 cm), length of 50” (127 cm), and depth of 28.5” (72 cm). The seat height of the Snowhill Settee is set at 18.5” (47 cm).